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Les élections libanaises de mai 2022, des élections en demie teinte dans un pays en crise et un système sclérosé, Afkar/ Idees 2022

“Cette analyse a été rédigée par Rita Chemaly, Enseignante, chercheure à l’Institut des Sciences Politiques de l’Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Liban 2022.

1-Contextualisation des élections dans un Etat en désintégration

Au mois de mai 2022, les libanais et libanaises âgés de plus de 21 ans ont eu la possibilité d’élire leurs représentants au parlement. Les élections législatives ont été tenues alors que le Liban vit une crise financière et économique grave. Crise classée par la Banque mondiale en juin 2021 « parmi les 10, voire les 3 crises mondiales les plus sévères depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle ».

Elections organisées, trois ans après les contestations du mouvement d’Octobre 2019 qui avait cristallisé la colère des citoyens et citoyennes contre la classe politique.

Les élections ont été organisées aussi, 2 ans après l’explosion du 4 aout 2020 qui a détruit la capitale Beyrouth et une grande partie de ses banlieues, et tué plus de 230 victimes selon le collectif des familles des victimes avec des milliers de blessés et des déplacés.

Les élections ont été tenues en plusieurs jours, deux jours pour les élections des libanais vivant à l’étranger et un jour pour les libanais vivant au Liban.

Le ministère de l’intérieur et des municipalités qui a administré la tenue des élections a fait face à la désintégration des services étatiques, notamment la grève des employés du secteur public, ajouter à des coupures sévères du courant électrique qui devait être payé en dollars « frais » pour fournir les écoles publiques et municipalités où avaient lieu les élections sur tout le territoire libanais. L’expression dollars frais selon le nouveau contexte libanais signifie des dollars « cash » qui n’étaient pas déposés dans les banques libanaises avant la crise d’octobre 2019. La désintégration des services étatiques se traduit dans les administrations par le manque sévère de fournitures et matériels logistiques, aux fonctionnaires démotivés qui devaient ouvrir et administrer des bureaux de vote alors que payer le transport pour aller au bureau qu’ils devaient gérer devenait hors de portée. Cela dû à l’augmentation des prix du carburant et de l’essence au Liban, aussi dû à l’hyperinflation, et à la perte de valeur de la monnaie nationale, qui fait que les salaires des employés ne leur suffisent plus pour couvrir leur simple transport vers leur lieu de travail, ni pour gérer leurs dépenses quotidiennes.

Les citoyens et citoyennes vivent une hyperinflation de 154.8 % (selon le gouvernement libanais étude présentée en mai 2022 aux créditeurs et publiée sur le site du ministère des finances) , l’augmentation des prix des transports de plus de 541% en un an selon le Département National de Statistiques, et la perte de plus de 95 % de la valeur de la monnaie nationale, la livre libanaise. Aussi, les élections ont été organisées alors que les citoyens qui avaient des comptes dans les banques vivent aussi des restrictions sur les retraits en devises étrangères et en monnaie nationale, restrictions mises en place par le secteur bancaire, et non par une loi, au parlement. Les dépôts sont gelés et ont perdu leur valeur. Notamment depuis l’implosion du système Ponzi, qui a été mis en place depuis plus de trente ans, pour attirer les capitaux a des taux d’intérêts élevés.

Le jour des élections au Liban, le 15 mai 2022, les électeurs et électrices ont dû aussi aller à leur village d’origine pour pouvoir voter puisque les mégacentres c’est-à-dire des centres qui selon la loi permettent aux citoyens de voter à proximité de leur lieu de vie, n’ont pas été développés, par manque de volonté politique et de moyens. Cela a augmenté l’incertitude quant au déplacement des libanais.es vers les centres de vote, notamment dues à la crise économique et financière.

Les élections étaient une étape clé attendue, et demandée au Liban. La communauté internationale, les associations pour la démocratie ont insisté pour leur tenue. Selon Antonio Guterres le Secrétaire Général des Nations Unies, «… le nouveau Parlement se doit d’adopter d’urgence toutes les lois nécessaires à la stabilisation de l’économie et à l’amélioration de la gouvernance. » En effet, les questions prioritaires mises sur l’agenda lors de cette phase électorale, étaient celles des dépôts bancaires, le pouvoir d’achat, la dévaluation de la monnaie, le prix des services médicaux et de santé, ainsi que la désintégration des administrations publiques et la consolidation d’un Etat de droit souverain, détenteur de la violence symbolique avec des armes aux mains de l’Etat seul, pas aux mains d’un parti comme le Hezbollah.

John W. Kingdon dans son ouvrage paru en 1984, Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies, montre clairement que dans des « périodes de grands changements politiques, l’agenda est ouvert », les élections libanaises dans un contexte aussi fertile en évènements, et avec des indicateurs qui changent  étaient perçues comme un tournant important qui permet de changer le paysage politique,  répondre à l’explosion du port de Beyrouth et à l’implosion de la société et à ceux qui font en sorte d’arrêter les poursuites judiciaires, mesurer le poids des divers camps politiques et leur représentativité, offrir dans le langage systémique de nouvelles demandes de la part des responsables et répondre aux demandes de la population. (David Easton parle de pressions et de demandes qui entrent dans le système et qui en ressortent en outputs) ; Les demandes avant les élections étaient nombreuses, une mesure de la représentativité des blocs, l’accountability d’une classe politique dominante qui n’a pas pris de mesures contre le grand effondrement économique et financier, ni mener la guerre à l’impunité, et la grande question du désarmement du Hezbollah.

Au vu de la situation économique et sociale, comment interpréter les résultats des élections de ce printemps 2022, quels enseignements tirer au vu de la crise financière et économique la plus sévère du monde ?

Les élections sont une des périodes phares pour le changement, les élections permettent aux cartes de se redistribuer, à des alliances de se cristalliser, se défaire ou se consolider, à des projets d’être mis en exergue. Quels changements les élections libanaises de mai 2022 vont amorcer dans l’équation politique, numériquement, et dans le fond ? Quel est l’impact des élections sur l’identification de nouveaux leaders et mouvements et partis sur la scène nationale ? La kleptocratie libanaise a été tant de fois dénigrée avant les élections, quel effet, ce tournant que sont les élections, vont avoir sur l’élite politique, une nouvelle élite pourra-t-elle émerger, une élite plus centrée autour de questions liées à la justice sociale et à l’Etat de droit, ou la même kleptocratie va garder le même poids dans les choix mis sur l’agenda du parlement après les élections ? Quel impact sur le système consociatif libanais, basé sur une distribution des postes sur des bases communautaires et géographiques ?

Après, avoir introduit le contexte, et pour offrir une analyse des résultats des élections libanaises, nous allons passer en revue plusieurs indicateurs :

La loi électorale, le taux de participation et d’abstention, la dispersion des votes entre diverses listes et candidats.es, la participation des femmes en politique, et les percées de nouvelles figures politiques sur la scène parlementaire.”

Pour lire l’article dans son integralite,

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Researcher and Coordinator
Duty Station: Beirut, Lebanon
Section/Unit: Democratic Governance
Reports to: Chief Technical Advisor and Head of Research
Project reference: 00085494
Budgeted level: SC-7
Source of Funding: 00085494
Duration of Employment: 8 months (Renewable)
II. Scope/Objective

The Common Space Initiative (CSI) project supports consensus building, sustainable civil peace, constitutional strengthening and stakeholder dialogues in Lebanon. This support will be provided through technical assistance, technical information and shared knowledge resources, collective and action research, common meeting spaces for stakeholders, expertise and other essential resources.

Under the overall supervision of the Chief Technical Advisor and guidance of the Head of Research, the Researcher and Coordinator will be providing support in coordinating all policy dialogues facilitated by CSI as well as providing research support needed in the development of public policies.

III. Functions / Key Results Expected

1. Support and coordinate Dialogue Forums & Expert Committees by liaising with members on needs identified by the group, research, reports, knowledge resource, membership participation, and planned activities.
2. Coordinate, liaise, and follow-up on communication between concerned parties, partners and members of Dialogue Forums and Expert Committees. This will include taking minutes of non-formal dialogue meetings, sharing all information in a timely fashion, support and respond to the needs of participants.
3. Participate and assist in the coordination of activities of Dialogue Forums and Expert Committees in the framework of each group’s terms of reference and the Common Space procedural principles.
4. Work closely with the Head of Research to provide knowledge resources and coordinate the provision of information in public policy dialogues, civil peace and consensus building initiatives of the Common Space.
5. Conduct research on public policies as directed by the Head of Research and support in the drafting of concept notes and TOR for commissioned research/external researchers.
6. Follow up with all external experts on the delivery of outputs in a timely matter and in a way that would meet the criteria set and quality standards
7. Provide support in expanding the network of experts and partners as needed to support all dialogue groups and consolidate knowledge provision and expertise.
8. Support the Head of Research and the Shared Knowledge Coordinator the development of all CSI publications
9. Support the Head of Research in the drafting of all needed reports including: dialogue reports, quarterly reports. Annual reports and other when requested.
10. Support the Head of Research on related tasks when needed
IV. Competencies

• Demonstrated conceptual and analytical ability.
• Excellent inter-personal skills and ability to resolve problems independently.
• Proven team worker’s skills.
• Demonstrates commitment to UNDP’s mission, vision and values.
• Displays cultural, gender, race, nationality and age sensitivity and adaptability.

V. Recruitment Qualifications

Education: University Degree (Bachelor or equivalent) or Graduate Degree (Masters or equivalent)  in Political Science, International Relations, Economics, Sociology, or related fields.
Experience: A minimum of 4 years of relevant work experience with a University Degree or 2 years with a Graduate Degree.
Language Requirements: Fluency in written and oral Arabic and English. Knowledge of French is a plus.

To apply : http://www.undp.org.lb/jobs/VacancyApply.cfm

good  luck!!!

Rita chemaly

 

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A strategy is needed for equality and an effective political participation of women in the Public sphere in Lebanon. this simple info graphic shows who were the women responsible of a ministerial cabinet in Lebanon and for which year since 1942. IN brief just 7 women were since 1942 were appointed as MINISTERS in Lebanon. 2 of them without a portfolio ! 😦

Only 6 Cabinets/ Governments out of 74 Governments in Lebanon have appointed Women!!!!

We need to ACT!!!!

Rita Chemaly

WOMEN in Political Sphere in Lebanon Cabinet Rita Chemaly

This pic is taken from the Women participation in Elections prepared by UNDP in Lebanon http://www.lebanon-elections.org/Modules/Document/UploadFile/6171_12,02,YYWomen-in-Elections-accordion.pdf

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emile-issa-charlie-manif-beirut-internet11-1-15-by-emile-issa-mg-7834-9

Picture taken by Emile Issa Lebanon https://www.ooshot.com/emile-issa/photo/32552

It was hard and a horrible week: we Watched on TV the murder of people in a country that is for us known as “safe”.

More than that it was horrible to know that people were savagely murdered because of their drawings, “cartoons” in the Country of the Freedom, in the Country where expression of thought was born for me. At School 20 years ago I read Le Cid, Voltaire , the story of the “revolutionnaries”, ….. killing people for their thoughts in the Country of Moliere?! for me it was IMPOSSIBLE, Not CONCEIVABLE.

Today, all the family went to the I am Charlie gathering in Beirut, eventhough I have received sooo many messages of all those who wanted to “Enlight” me about the cartoons Charlie did, especially about christians. They asked me how can I accept such an “insult” to our “faith” they were specifically speaking about the christian faith .

Those lebanese friends who flooded my inbox, my news feed, smsed me,  and whats app me I understand them. I do. They have seen the cartoons and they said : oh “blaspheme”in arabic “istaghfara el lah el 3azim” .

First for me the believer blasphemes, not the non believer.

On a second thought , I would have probably reacted the same way if I didn’t receive the french education I had. no idea, probably. probably I knew that Charlie hebdo was born in France, in the country where the values are different than the values we have here in Lebanon.

Even if I usually dislike the satire “cartoons” of Charlie hebdo, what I have done in the past, is not to read it, and not to buy it, or to write a piece about how foolish and not empowering their cartoons are, and definetly not sharing their cartoons :-). simple as that.

Today, if I decided to be Charlie, it is because I am Charlie to the bones. I refuse to use VIOLENCE against anyone. I refuse to kill, and murder because of a drawing or a text or a saying. The “Je suis Charlie” is for me “a world without fear, without violence wihtout extremism, a world where I can express all what I WANT WITHOUT BEING AFRAID OF BEING SHOT DEAD BY OTHERS, or slammed , or lashed  . (in another part of the world: Raif the Saudi Blogger is being lashed because of his sayings!!) 😦

I am afraid for the freedoms in France  after  the savage murder of  January 7, I’m afraid that journalists will use this “wing cutting thing” that is the self-censorship. In Lebanon bounderies are so common, they do come from the big family, from work, from religious socialisation, from a center or association that has been created to check and approve any creation (artistic, movies, …) and so on, BUT Lebanon is a  country where so many charlies were savagely killed!!!! Samir Kassir is one of those Journalists that were killed , he was not afraid, and we shouldn’t be afraid to live in a world where thinking differently and expressing yourself differently will make You an easy goal for violence. Violence must End!!! in Lebanon and In france!!! Today and Tomorrow and again  I’ll be charlie in my bones for every part of the world!! I want to express my self freely and I want my child to be able to express himself freely without fear of what he might draw, write or sing.

Enough  censorship ,ENOUGH BOXES,  Enough barbarism!!! YES FOR FREE EXPRESSION! FREE THINKING!

Rita

The illustration is the banner I held taken in  a picture by Emile Issa during the protest in support of the je suis Charlie movement in Lebanon . To Watch all the album: https://www.ooshot.com/emile-issa/portfolios/charlie-hebdo-manifestation-beyrouth-11-1-15

title corrected as per the advice of Marhaba Nabil 🙂

Article edited on January 14/1/2015

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Here is the good news of the day, Political Science Insitute of Saint-Joseph University has partnered with other Universities in the region to launch the Master in Democratic Governance, Democracy and Human rights in the MENA Region. the Masters offers a ” unique programme designated to meet the needs of students, professionals and experts who want to deepen their knowledge in the field of democratic governance and human rights in the Arab world. It also aims to give practical experience needed for building up their professional career and academic activities.”

Master in democratic governance USJ ISP democracy and Human rights in MENA region Chemaly Rita dema

The partnering universities are

  • Cadi Ayyad University (Morocco),
  • International University of Rabat (Morocco),
  • Carthage University (Tunisia),
  • Birzeit University (Palestine),
  • Saint Joseph University (Lebanon),
  • Ca’ Foscari University (Italy)

The tuitions are fees amount to 3600 euro with possibility of tuition waivers.

The programme will provide for grants covering accommodation and subsistence costs (around 2000 euro for the stay in Venice and around 1500 euro for the second semester).

The deadline for application is the 5th December 2014.

I am happy to read that great Rana Habib professor of St Joseph University that is following ISP since years now is reponsible of one of the Module : International relations in the global systems of HR protection

W9: International Instruments

W10: Gender equality, protection of minorities

W11: Regional systems of HR protection

the other modules and their responsibles and all the program details are the follwoing:

Dates: 19th January- end of June 2015
Deadline for Applications:
5th December 2014
Location:
Monastery of San Nicolò, Venice Lido (Italy)
Programme Director:
Prof. Mohsine El Ahmadi

Master in Democratic Governance

The Master’s programme offers students a multidisciplinary course of study with a mix of theory and practice, covering topics ranging from the principles and practices of democracy, the rule of law, the international and regional systems for Human Rights protection to specialised courses focused on the process of political and social development and transition.

In addition, the Master seeks to create a Euro-Mediterranean network of academic institutions and foster professors and students’ exchange in the field of democracy and human rights.

The programme consists of two semesters:

  • 1 semester: from 19th January to 3rd April 2015 (11 weeks) in Venice-Lido, Italy
  • 2 semester: from 7th April to the end of June 2015 (13 weeks) in one of the partner universities

Programme of the first semester

1st Module:

Democracy and Rights
(3 weeks)

W1: Political theory: State, civil society, Democratic Institutions

W2: Citizenship and political rights

W3: Democracy, social and economic rights

Responsible for the thematic section: 
Prof. Mudar Kassis, from the Birzeit University, Palestine
2nd Module:
Governance, law and constitutional process

(3 weeks)
W4: Rule of Law, Governance

W5: Control mechanisms

W6: Political transition

Responsible for the thematic section: to be appointed soon
3rd Module:
Development of the Political system in the Arab world

(2 weeks)

W7: Current issues

W8: The role of media

Responsible for the thematic section:
Prof. Rachida Einnafer,
from the University of Carthage, Tunisia

Here is the link for the admissions and registration requirements and forms.

Do not hesitate to contact ISP secretariat in Lebanon for more information 01/421443 or isp@isp.usj.edu.lb

Rita

Rita Chemaly

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J'ai entoure en rouge les confessions, mais ce decoupage electoral confessionnel est flagrant!!

J’ai entoure en rouge les confessions, mais ce decoupage electoral confessionnel est flagrant!!

Vous allez me dire, mais rita c’est normal nous vivons dans un pays confessionnel, ou la politique est histoire de confessions et de partage de pouvoir entre eux,

mais quand je suis entree sur le site du ministere de l’interieur pour checker qui sont les candidats et candidates,

la premiere chose qui saute a l’oeil est la confession:

l’image ci dessous est flagrante!!!

voila le lien pour connaitres les candidats aux elections legislatives libanaises de 2014….

en esperant que les elections aient lieu!!!!

514 candidats dont 35 femmes, bon tout ce que j’espere est que les elections aient lieu nous Avons OBLIGATOIREMENT besoin d’un “peu” d’Alternance.

un peu car beaucoup sont les femmes, fils et cousins et freres des actuels ministres, deputes ou ex-deputes!

Rita Chemaly

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rita chemaly activism against corruption and bribery in Lebanon fake diplomas rita chemaly activism against corruption and bribery in LebanonIMG-20140511-WA0007

free electricity, free diplomas, big fat awards form Lebanon, and the fashion is to take it from other countries too 🙂

have you witnessed the new tags on Beirut streets?

You can get your free brevet or bac, without “antiseches”, without even going to the exam…

the same for Driving license!!! who said euno “sa33abouwa”?? in Lebanon it is easy to get a driving license as a gift for your sweet 18!! 🙂

you want the nationality for your foreign kids “wlak” buy it from the dekkeneh, sooo easy, bring some cash and stop mobilizing and participating to all the protests to transmit it to your children…. bring your liras and dollars and get it 🙂

what else do you need? you will get! I need to build and take some few meters from the “trottoirs”, it is easy to get it from Dekkenet el Balad….

for you here are the latest pictures and you can call and get your grosseries from el Dekkeneh 🙂

Rita Chemaly

Citoyenne Libanaise

 

attention, par ce billet je n’ encourage absolument pas au manque d’ethique, mais met en lumiere une nouvelle initiative qui sera lancee au Liban pour dire non a la corruption et au clientelisme.

‪#‎Dekkenetelbalad‬   #دكانة_البلد  an initiative that can get you free driving licence in Lebanon, & free diplomas ! wayni el dawli?!! let us take a stand against ‪#‎bribery‬ and ‪#‎corruption‬ in ‪#‎Lebanon

Rita Chemaly

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An interview done by Jasmine Boyadjian, that was published in Fit’n Style Magazine October Issue,

I repeat:

WOMEN are Not Objects,

Media should be aware of that,

The Biased images of Women should change in Communication means,

Women should be aware of not replicating the images and the social roles that are commonly engraved in Society!

Rita!

Rita Chemaly interview in magazine october2013 Rita Chemaly interview in magazine  october2013 pic

 

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following my article on the women and power in lebanon, and women and quota in lebanon,

here is the latest update that happened related to women and their political participation.

in 2013, 43 women listed below presented their candidacy to be Member of Parliament.

the Problem is that the parliament has deleted election law of 1960, and now in Lebanon there is a gap … does the actual parliament will stay? or elections will be organised soon?

while waiting for A PARLIAMENT TO BE ELECTED, AND FOR IT TO MEET in A GENERAL ASSEMBLY and vote for the Laws lingering in the drawers,

Rita Chemaly

here is the list of women who run for 2013 elections:

1. Georgette Haddad – Greek Orthodox – West Bekaa-Rashaya

2. Norma Ferzli – Greek Orthodox – West Bekaa-Rashaya

3. Alhan Farhat – Druze – Shouf

4. Rania Ghaith – Druze – Shouf

5. Fadia Karam – Greek Orthodox – Koura

6. Nadine Moussa – Maronite – Metn

7. Neamat Badreddine – Shiite – Nabatiyeh

8. Sethrida Geagea – Maronite – Besharri

9. Pauline Irani – Maronite – Baabda

10. Tracy Chamoun – Maronite – Baabda

11. Olfat Al-Sabaa – Shiite – Baabda

12. May Khansa – Shiite – Baabda

13. Ibtissam Saadi – Sunni – Baalbeck-Hermel

14. Rita Bakhos – Maronite – Beirut 1

15. Carole Babikian – Greek Orthodox – Beirut 1

16. Nayla Tuéni – Greek Orthodox – Beirut 1

17. Laury Haytayan – Armenian Orthodox – Beirut 2

18. Kholoud Al-Wattar – Sunni – Beirut 3

19. Dania Nakad – Sunni – Beirut 3

20. Rola Ajouz – Sunni – Beirut 3

21. Randa Yassir – Sunni – Beirut 3

22. Maya Terro – Sunni – Beirut 3

23. Mona Diab – Sunni – Beirut 3

24. Dalal Rahbani – Evangelical – Beirut 3

25. Gina Chammas – Minorities – Beirut 3

26. Fadwa Yaacoub – Minorities – Beirut 3

27. Angèle Al-Khawand – Maronite – Jezzine

28. Amani Mita – Sunni – Zahleh

29. Rouba Shokr – Sunni – Zahleh

30. Ohaila Abou Dahr – Greek Catholic – Zahleh

31. Dima Ghazaleh – Greek Catholic – Zahleh

32. Magda Breidi – Greek Catholic – Zahleh

33. Gilberte Zouein – Maronite – Keserwan

34. Joséphine Zoughaib – Maronite – Keserwan

35. Zeina Kallab – Maronite – Keserwan

36. May Chidiac – Maronite – Keserwan

37. Siham Salloum – Maronite – Akkar

38. Bahia Hariri – Sunni – Saida

39. Regina Kantara – Maronite – Tripoli

40. Nathalie Fadlallah – Maronite – Tripoli

41. Raya Haffar Hassan – Sunni – Tripoli

42. Laila Salhab – Sunni – Tripoli

43. Laila Shahoud – Alawi – Tripoli

For a list of all related articles in different languages:

Rita Chemaly

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discrimination men and women in lebanon rita chemalysocial security article amendment of article 14 in lebanon women rights

I cannot believe what I am reading on the website of the Parliament.

The Commission of Women and Children headed by MP Gilberte Zwein, has amended again the article 14 of the social security law, but not to end discrimination against women, on the contrary, by adding exceptions that were never in the first law before and exceptions discriminating more and more against women.

in Lebanon, if a woman works she is entitled to have social security, but as per article 14 of the social security law, just working man with unworking women can have their women benefit from social security. the equality in the lebanese social security law doesn’t exist!

A WORKING women cannot let her husband benefit from social security unless he is over 60 or deficient according to article 14.

The National Commission For Lebanese women prepared in 2011 a draft law, to amend the discrimination in article 14, and as stated in its annual report, members of parliament ( ZWEIN and Michel Moussa) Presented the amendment of the law.

The amendment presented in 2011, takes off all kind of discrimination and entitles the husband of a working  women to benefit from health care provided by the social security law if he doesnt work. the amendment prepared and presented has one goal: equality between lebanese women and men.

But while checking the lebanese parliament website http://www.lp.gov.lb/NewsPage.Aspx?id=10102 I read that the Parliamentarian commission on Women and Children met on october 2012, and amended the article 14, but not as presented in 2011 by Gilberte Zwein Herself, but with adding more and more discrimination against women husbands who work in liberal professions, or is enlisted in the commercial records of in the professions record!

here is the text for you in arabic!!!! 😦

زوج المضمون إذا كان لا يتعاطى عملا مأجورا، أو كان لا يتسفيد من تقديمات حصية، أو مساعدات مرضية من نظام الزامي عام، وأن لا يكون منتسبا إلى نقابات المهن الحرة، أو مسجلا في السجل التجاري، أو في سجل المهن”.

More terrible, Michel Moussa who first presented with ZWEIN the first amendment, was present at the commission meeting as it appears from NNA lebanon news
all what I can demand is for Parliamentary commissions to be more sensitive on the issue of discrimination and equality.

all I can demand from our MPs is to be fair vote for laws that truly are in the benefice of working women!!

Rita Chemaly 

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King Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia issued Friday a historic decree allowing women to be members of the kingdom’s previously all-male Shura Council for the first time. The decree amended two article in the council’s statute introducing a 20 percent quota for women in the country’s 150-member Shura Council, and the king appointed 30 women to join the consultative assembly. (source: http://www.wluml.org/news/saudi-arabia-breakthrough-saudi-arabia-women-allowed-parliament )

In Lebanon, women still fight for their basic rights such as transmitting their nationality,

have women in the political parties, have women on political parties lists, have women in Parliament.

The most conservative country alias Saudi Arabia was able to empower some women ” bin and bint… of someone) to be part of the Parliament, in Lebanon, do we need a decree by the supreme court to have Women participate in Politics?

for the info: the Lebanese government doesnt have Any women; 

at the parliament Lebanon has some women, that are the daughters, or sisters, or funding  ($) members of someone, or blocks….

our Nation needs change, I wont vote for Maronites women…. I would love to vote for good Candidates wherever their confession is, but I would love to know that they will engage with us on pushing forward for our Civil=Lebanese State Laws!!!

 

Isn't it strange that women are named by their daddy and grand-fathers?

Isn’t it strange that women are named by their daddy and grand-fathers?

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women right to nationality lebanon rita chemalywomen right to nationality lebanon rita chemaly

Dears,

As the Legal Agenda stipulates, the Lebanese Women are not Close to Transmit the basic and Fundamental right of Citizenship and Right to the Lebanese Nationality to their Children neither to their Husbands.

The Nationality Campaign in Lebanon, will go to the street and protest to amend the law, in a FAIR, EQUAL and Just Way.

Killing the Nationality Law… and Killing Women’s right in such a way is Totally Refused!

Rita Chemaly

 

to know more about what happened kindly refer to the article below:

سادية جديدة باسم المصلحة العليا: “الدولة الذكورية” تدفن حق المرأة بمنح جنسيتها لأولادها نهائيا

سعدى علوه

“لا حق للمرأة اللبنانية بمنح جنسيتها لا لأولادها ولا لزوجها، فمن شأن ذلك الإضرار بالتوازن الطائفي الديموغرافي في البلاد، وبالمصلحة العليا للوطن”.. هذا هو فحوى القرار والتوصية التي رفعتها اللجنة الوزارية التي كلفها مجلس الوزراء دراسة القضية إثر طرح مشروع مرسوم حق اللبنانية بمنح جنسيتها لأولادها في 21 اذار الماضي، في ما روج له يومها على أنه “عيدية” الحكومة للمرأة اللبنانية في عيد الأم.

وجاءت “الهدية” المرّة والمحبطة للنساء في لبنان بعد طول انتظار عبر التوصية بالرفض التي رفعتها اللجنة الوزارية إلى رئيس الحكومة نجيب ميقاتي إثر إجتماعها بتاريخ 14 كانون الأول المنصرم، لتقضي على أي بذرة أمل ولدت لدى المرأة اللبنانية بالتمتع بالمساواة.

والمضحك المبكي في محضر التوصية السري، الذي حصلت المفكرة القانونية على نسخة منه، أن اللجنة الوزارية عادت إلى تفسير سابق للمجلس الدستوري يقول بإمكانية تجاوز مبدأ المساواة المكرس في الدستور اللبناني إذا كان تطبيقه يمس بالمصلحة العليا للبلاد، مع العلم أن هذا المجلس اعتمد التفسير المذكور في سياق الطعن بالقانون الذي حرم الفلسطينيين من حق التملك العقاري.

واللافت أنه باستثناء وزير الشؤون الإجتماعية وائل ابو فاعور، يحمل محضر التوصية تواقيع جميع أعضاء اللجنة وهم نائب رئيس مجلس الوزراء سمير مقبل رئيساً وعضوية وزراء العدل شكيب قرطباوي والداخلية مروان شربل والخارجية عدنان منصور ووزير العمل سليم جريصاتي ووزير الإعلام وليد الداعوق. ولدى اتصال “المفكرة” بالوزير فاعور، أكد عدم علمه بالقرار والتوصية، مؤكداً أنه لم يدع إلى الإجتماع المذكور. وأشار أبو فاعور أنه سيبحث الموضوع مع رئيس الحكومة الذي سيلتقيه اليوم. مع العلم أن اللجنة أشارت في محضرها أنها وصلت إلى قرارها ب”الإجماع”، فعن أي اجماع نتحدث؟

واستندت اللجنة في توصيتها التي تكرس التمييز السلبي بحق النساء في لبنان، وتؤكد ذكورية الدولة تجاه نصف المجتمع، إلى جملة من المعطيات التي تخالف في جوهرها حقوق الإنسان وتتناقض مع مجمل الإتفاقيات الدولية التي وقعها لبنان. وفي بعض ما استندت إليه، لا تخالف اللجنة الوزارية بنود الإتفاقية الدولية للقضاء على كافة اشكال التمييز ضد المرأة(سيداو) فقط، حيث ذكرت بتحفظ مجلس النواب اللبناني على البند الثاني من المادة التاسعة من الإتفاقية، والذي يتعلق بمنح المرأة حقاً متساويا مع حق الرجل في ما يتعلق بجنسية أولادها، بل أنها ذهبت أبعد من ذلك في اتجاه السعي الى اعطاء أسس دستورية لقرارها. ف”مواءمة مقتضيات العيش المشترك والمناصفة والتساوي والفعالية في معرض التمثيل النيابي (المكرسة دستوريا) تصبح أكثر تعذرا وتعقيدا في ظل تفاقم الخلل الديموغرافي بين أبناء الشعب اللبناني من المسيحيين والمسلمين قبل التحرر المأمول من القيد الطائفي”، مما يسمح اذا بالشذوذ عن مبدأ المساواة بين الجنسين. ولتدعيم وجهة نظرها، استندت اللجنة صراحة إلى قرار سابق للمجلس الدستوري إثر الطعن بالقانون الذي حرم الفلسطينيين من التملك العقاري. وتضمنت التوصية فقرة تفيد “بما انه سبق للمجلس الدستوري ان اورد ان مبدأ المساواة الذي يتمتع بالقوة الدستورية لا يعمل به عند وجود اوضاع قانونية مختلفة لا يصح معها إعمال المساواة، أو عندما تقضي بذلك مصلحة عليا…”..وبذلك أصبح بإمكان اعضاء اللجنة والحكومة من خلفهم، لا بل سمحوا لأنفسهم، وبكل ضمير مرتاح، بتغليب المصلحة الطائفية على المصلحة الحقوقية لمواطنين يشكلون نصف المجتمع اللبناني.

واثباتا للاخلال بالتوازن الطائفي، وفي محاولة لتبرير فعلتها بطريقة تتناغم مع الحساسية الطائفية التي تعوم عليها البلاد، أشارت اللجنة إلى “أن وزارة الداخلية زودتها بأرقام عن عدد المستفيدين من منح الأم اللبنانية الحق بمنح جنسيتها لأولادها والجنسيات والطوائف التي ينتمون إليها، وهي أرقام تخل بالتوازن الديموغرافي الطوائفي إخلالاً كبيرا، فضلاً عن شمولها عددا لا يستهان به من الفلسطينيين”. وتظهر الأرقام التي حصلت عليها اللجنة من وزارة الداخلية أن الأجانب الذين سينالون الجنسية من خلال أمهاتهم اللبنانيات يصل إلى نحو 380 الف شخص والأهم توزع جنسياتهم وطوائفهم. وتوقفت اللجنة في توصيتها أمام عديد الفلسطينيين الذين سينالون الجنسية من أمهاتهم، لتحذر من الموضوع وتأثيره على التوازنات اللبنانية. إذ يبلغ عدد النساء اللبنانيات المتزوجات من فلسطينيين أربعة آلاف وخمسمائة إمرأة من أصل 76 ألف إمرأة لبنانية متزوجات من أجانب، وهي نسبة ليست كبيرة مقارنة مع التهويل الذي يلوح به معارضو منح المرأة اللبنانية جنسيتها لأسرتها. مع العلم أن اللجنة نفسها أشارت إلى حصول 15 ألف إمرأة فلسطينية على الجنسية اللبنانية نتيجة زواجهن من لبنانيين، ولكن ذلك لا يعتبر مشكلة طالما أن مانح الجنسية هنا هو رجل، بالمفهوم الذكوري للمسؤولين في لبنان وفلسفتهم الحقوقية التمييزية السلبية تجاه المرأة.

وانتهت اللجنة إلى الإعتبار، وبناء على كل ما تقدم “أنه من حق الدولة اللبنانية، وفي ضوء مصلحتها العليا، أن تقرر وضع القيود التي تحدد مداها لإكتساب غير اللبنانيين الجنسية اللبنانية، إذ تمارس في ذلك حقاً سيادياً محفوظاً لها دون سواها على الأرض اللبنانية، لا سيما إذا كان اكتساب الجنسية يتعارض مع مبدأ رفض التوطين (زواج اللبنانية من فلسطيني) أو يخل بصورة فاضحة بالتوازن الديموغرافي أو يزيده تفاقماً، على ما حصل في مرسوم التجنيس في العام 1994”. يذكر أن المرسوم المذكور شهد الكثير من المحسوبيات الطائفية والمذهبية والرشاوى التي مررها زعماء السياسة والطوائف يومها.

وخلصت اللجنة “بالإجماع” كما ورد إلى اقتراح “عدم الموافقة على مشروع القانون المذكور والإستعاضة بإجراءات من شأنها منح كل الحقوق لأولاد اللبنانية المتزوجة من أجنبي مع استثناء الحقوق السياسية. وتبعا لذلك، اقترحت منح اقامة دائمة من دون بدل عوضا عن سمة المجاملة، والحق بالتعليم والانتساب الى المدارس والمعاهد والجامعات كافة والحق في العمل في القطاعات الخاصة والحق في الطبابة والاستشفاء في القطاع الصحي العام والخاص والاستفادة من تقدمات وزارة الصحة ووزارة الشؤون الاجتماعية والصندوق الوطني الاجتماعي. الا أن ذلك لم يمنعها في حمأة تعداد الحقوق التي تقترح منحها عن استثناء حقوق أخرى تحفظها فقط للمولودين من ذكر لبناني وهي حق العمل في المهن الحرة والقطاع العام أو القطاعات التي تنص القوانين والأنظمة والقرارات المتعلقة بها على توافر شرط الجنسية اللبنانية صراحة وهي قطاعات واسعة جدا. كما تجدر الاشارة الى أن اللجنة لم تذكر الأزواج البتة وما اذا كانوا يستفيدون من الإجراءات التحسينية أم سيقتصر إقتراحها على أولاد اللبنانيات وحدهم.

وتعليقاً على توصية اللجنة، أكدت منسقة حملة “جنسيتي حق لي ولأسرتي” لينا بوحبيب شعور القيمين على الحملة “بالإمتعاض جدا والغضب من هذه النتيجة”، ورفضها “جملة وتفصيلا وبالمطلق”. وأشارت بوحبيب إلى إجتماع عقدته الحملة مع اللجنة في الثالث من كانون الأول الماضي، حيث أكد لهم أعضاؤها أنهم سيدرسون الموضوع بمناخ ايجابي. وقام ممثلو الحملة بتبليغ نتائج اجتماعاتهم مع اللجنة للسيدات المعنيات بالقضية والمناصرين لها خلال إجتماع الهيئة العامة للحملة قبل نحو عشرة ايام وتركت اجواء ايجابية وآملة بين النساء. وبذلك لم يكن نساء الحملة يدركون ما تعد اللجنة لهم. وتشير بو حبيب إلى أن الحملة اتصلت بمكتب رئيس اللجنة سمير مقبل يوم الجمعة الماضي وسألت عما وصلت إليه الأمور، فأكدوا لهم أنهم لم يجتمعوا بعد، في حين أن توصيتهم وقرارهم مؤرخ في 14 كانون الماضي، “ليفاجأونا بتوصيتهم الظالمة والمتناقضة مع حقوق الإنسان والمرأة، والتي تحمّل النساء وزر الطائفية البغيضة في لبنان بحيث تشكل النساء بنظرهم خطرا على المصلحة العليا للدولة”.

وبعدما عبرت عن استياء القيمين على الحملة مما حصل، أكدت بو حبيب نية الحملة بالتصعيد “لأن ما حصل غير مقبول ومرفوض”، مؤكدة أنه “سيتم الإعلان عن الخطوات اللاحقة بعد التشاور مع السيدات المعنيات”. وعليه، قضت اللجنة الوزارية على أمل اللبنانيات وحقهن بالتمتع بالمواطنة الكاملة والمساواة، وليس حملهم لجنسية من الدرجة الثانية لا تخولهن منح جنسيتهن لأولادهن الذين ولدوا وترعرعوا في لبنان ولا يعرفون وطنا سواه. والمؤسف في الموضوع أن هذه الحكومة نفسها أقرت مشروع قانون يخول اللبنانيين المتحدرين من أصل لبناني منذ العام 1921 إستعادة جنسيتهم اللبنانية، برغم أن غالبية هؤلاء لا يعرفون موقع لبنان على الخارطة الدولية، ولا يتحدثون لغته ولا يشعرون بأدنى الإنتماء إليه.

وحاولت اللجنة الوزارية تغطية جريمتها بالتوصية بسلة من الحقوق لأبناء المرأة اللبنانية المقيمين في لبنان، من إقامة مجانية وحق العمل (ولكن هناك استثناء لبعض المهن) وبالتطبب في المستشفيات الحكومية وبالإنتساب إلى الضمان الإجتماعي.. وغيرها من التقديمات التي كان بامكانهم الحصول عليها وعلى العديد من الحقوق الأخرى لو تم اقرار حقهم بالجنسية من دون منة من أحد. الدولة اليوم دولة ذكورية بامتياز.. بل هي دولة سادية قبل كل شيء.

Source: Legal Agenda Article.  

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On Friday, a General Assembly for Lebanese Women Married to non-nationals ( french, american, syrian, canadian, egyptian, palestinian, Spanish, Italian, Chinese….) gathered at the YWCA in Ain El Mreisseh.

The aim of the gathering was to recall the activities, protests, and actions of the Nationality Campaign in Lebanon, and to discuss future actions for 2013.

During the meeting Lebanese women who participated to trainings about leadership and communication, organised by WLP and CRTDA were given “diplomas” by the organisations.

They participated to the training to be able to form a lobby to push forward their right to transmit their citizenship to their children and husbands.

during the ceremony many media representatives were present : LBCI, New TV, Future TV, as well as the presence of a lot of newspapers journalist ( el Diyar, el Moustakbal, ….)

The Women were given also goodies bags… the bag contained : deliciously chocolate wrapped, with a sticker for the car, and the New Nationality Calendar for 2013.

I participate to each year General Assembly, and I feel bad when I see all those women suffering from not being able to share their passport with their children. I am suffering when I see that those women cannot see their children hospitalized or go to school in Lebanese public schools, or in Lebanese free schools. A women told me that this is a Shia ( a muslim sect in Lebanon  her children were accepted in a free school by the nuns, but they were not able to stay there because….they are not considered nationals!! Lebanese!! 😦

 I hope that lebanon will ratify the CEDAW completely without reservations!

I hope that my cousins will be able to come to lebanon without a visa because their father is a french diplomat, I hope that my cousin will be able to stay here and work as a lawyer even if he is lebanese and canadian…..

those are my Wishes for 2013…. Long LIVE THE TABBOULEH AND THE LEBANESE MUMs anD gRAND mOTHERS! 

Rita Chemaly

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Dear Readers,

 

Kindly find below the latest issue of the Middle East & North Africa Gender and Development e-Brief (No 125)  

 

Best regards, 
CRTD.A / IRIS

 

 

The Middle East &North Africa 
“Gender and Development E-Brief”
Issue #125
October 2012

 

NEWS & ARTICLES

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GENDER ACTIVISM

Iranian Women’s Rights Activists Stop the Registration of Anti-Women Tradition As ‘National Heritage’

Women on Waves Boat Makes First Trip to a Muslim Country, Morocco

 

GENDER BASED VIOLENCE

Syrian Refugee Women – High Risk of Violence in Lebanon

… and Refugees suffer from critical lack of women’s health care
Algeria TV boss convicted for sexual harassment

Child Marriage on Rise Due to Hunger in Niger

Woman Allegedly Raped By Police, Accused of “Indecency” in Tunisia...

… Public Support & President Apology for Alleged Police-Raped Victim

Maronite clergy unleashes unprecedented public attack on what they refer to as “the gender concept”

Ikea deleted women from Saudi version of catalogue

Women lose out on affordable housing in Gulf countries

Egypt teacher cuts girls’ hair for not wearing veil

 

GENDER & HUMAN RIGHTS

Oman Has Lowest Divorce

Women’s Day Video in Tunisia

In Yemen Women Say Lives Worse Since Revolution

Women & Children Refugees Flee Attacks in Sudan

Egypt’s Brotherhood top officials face investigation over attacks on women protesters
RESOURCES & CALLS

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ANNOUNCEMENTS & CALLS

UN Joint Statement: “Adultery as a criminal offence violates women’s human rights”

 

 BOOKS & REPORTS

UN: Marrying Too Young, End Child Marriage Report

Arab Region: No Revolutions without Equality and Justice: The struggle for women’s rights in rethinking development in the Arab region

A frank discussion from woman to man

 

Please note that the MENA Gender and Development e-Brief is posted on line on the following URLM:http://crtda.org.lb/sites/default/files/newsletters/MENA%20GAD_125.pdf

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The MENA Gender and Development e-Brief receives material from various sources for its publication. Should you wish to refer to these sources/ sites directly, the list includes publications from: AVIVA, www.aviva.org, AWID: www.awid.org, Democracy Digest: www.freedomhouse.org, Development Gateway: www.developmentgatway.org, Dignity: www.dignity.org, e-Civicus: www.civicus.org, Eldis:www.eldis.org, ESCWA: www.escwa.org.lb, GDB: www.developmentex.com, Global Knowledge Partnership: www.globalknowledge.org, IGTN: www.IGTN.org, ILO: www.ilo.org One World: www.oneworld.net,Siyanda: www.siyanda.org, The Daily Star: www.dailystar.com.lb, The Drum Beat: www.comminit.com, The Soul Beat: www.comminit.com, The World Bank: www.worldbank.org, UNDP: www.undp.org, Wicejilist:www.wicej.addr.com, WLP: www.learningpartnership.org; WIDE: www.wide-network.org; IRIN News: www.irinnews.org, Women’s UN Report Network: www.wunrn.com, Women Living Under Muslim Laws:www.wluml.org
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Below you can read a part of the article of Bassam explaining what the journalist in Future did yesterday at Martyr’s square Beirut…

if that was the answer of Liana and Elias for him, good for them,  Liana I salute your courage, as I saluted the courage of Samir Kassir when we was against all odd asking people not to use the world Syrian people but fuel their anger against the regime!

yes, I was shocked by the “use” and “instrumentalisation” of the sorrow of people yesterday;

Burning the country, burning tires, and sending RPJ and Energa all night is not the solution.

God bless those who spoke again maturely and asked some of the followers to calm down.

Again, the final question I tried to solve in the Book Spring 2005 in Lebanon, was of a citizenship built on common grounds: chaos? or unity and respect? I am lost! this is not what peaceful collective Action looks like…. Gene Sharp … we need to refresh our memories and Peaceful tools!

Spring 2005 was Peaceful, I described the actions clearly … what the fall of 2012 is preparing to us? do you need a description or an image?

Source: L’Orient Le Jour… est ce pacifique ya sharp?

 

 

Source: Reuters Houssam Chabro… and is this pacific collective action?

 

 

Photo de Nada Merhi L’Orient le jour…. Pour moi voila une mobilisation pacifique qui est moins couverte mediatiquement certes, mais qui me rappelle ce Printemps 2005 au Liban…. le Mythe… Rita

 

Rita Chemaly

طالق بالثلاثة

http://www.al-akhbar.com/node/169954

من استوديو «المستقبل» الى ساحة الشهداء، حمل قطيش شعار «الطلاق حتى العدالة»، وتقدم الجماهير، رافعاً قبضته التي زينها بشارة صفراء، لأنّ

الطلاق برأيه هو مع «حزب الله وجميع أتباعه في قوى 8 آذار». كلام قطيش لم يعجب النائب السابق الياس عطا الله الذي اعتبر شعار الطلاق «حالة غضب وليس موقفاً سياسياً». وأضاف: «نحن لا نطلّق أحداً». مداخلة عطا الله أدت إلى مشادة كلاميّة مع قطيش نقلتها وسائل الإعلام مباشرةً على الهواء. لكن ما لم تنقله الشاشة هو التلاسن بين قطيش وليانا ابنة الصحافي الراحل سمير قصير، بعدما ادعى قطيش أنّ «الناس في الضاحية توزع البقلاوة». رفضت ابنة قصير اتهام «الناس في الضاحية» وحصر التهمة بـ«الفاعل الحقيقي». لم يعجب الأمر قطيش، فعبّر عن استيائه بكلام خارج السياق. وجددت قصير رفضها لـ«زج الشعارات التحريضيّة في الحدث»، مطالبة الحاضرين بالتعاطف مع الشهداء لا توزيع الاتهامات «ضدّ جميع أهل الضاحية الذين هم جزء من هذه البلاد». وقطيش يحاول أن يكون حاداً، من دون كاريزما سمير قصير 2005 حتى الآن.
بدا قطيش أمس كمن يريد أن يستنسخ تجربة الصحافي فارس خشان. لكنه فاق فارس تأثيراً أمس. أراد أداء دور بوعزيزي بيروت، لكن من دون بنزين. مع

ذلك، كاد «أنصاره» أن يحرقوا شيئاً آخر، غير أجسادهم.

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chers,
a vous l’analyse de la situation par un ami, karim, je reprend son billet comme tel;
rita
SOURCE: The Beirut Entreprise blog : Tumultuous Lebanon, Where the Intelligence War Never Pauses
Dr. Karim El Mufti
University Professor
Political Scientist
It took longer than usual compared with other political assassinations (given the high secrecy linked to security related areas), but the information eventually came out, the head of the Intelligence Branch of the Internal Security Forces (ISF), Brigadier Wissam El Hassan, was targeted and terminated.
1. The political war and Syria
Minutes into the Ashrafieh blast and 14 March local figures were already trying to make political good fortune out of the tragedy, raising the scenario of an alleged targeting of the Kataeb House, or the 14 March General Secretariat office, or even how Syria the terrorist “targeted the heart of a Lebanese Christian area”. The context changed once the announcement broke of the direct plot against the ISF Brigadier, even though the accused party remained the same: Syria had killed Al Hassan in “retaliation of the arrest of Michel Samaha”, the close advisor of Bashar Al Assad ; he was targeted because of the “efforts made by the ISF to stop Syrian infiltrations into Lebanon”.
Blaming directly the Syrian regime for the terrorist blast, self-exiled Saad Hariri was, from day one, trying to use the killing as a high horse to make a comeback onto the Lebanese political landscape after a period of political numbness: “if I were prime minister, my actions would be to stand against Bachar el Assad and say very clearly that anything that will come into Lebanon, if the regime is trying to export its terrorists to Lebanon, we would definitely refuse it[1].
Other spokespersons from the 14 March coalition carried on with the interpretation that this attack was an export of the Syrian conflict into the heart of the Lebanese capital. As clearly put by Kataeb president and anti-Syrian figure, Amine El Gemayel, to the LBC television : “This regime, which is crumbling, is trying to export its conflict to Lebanon”.
But this explanation falls short when, at the same time, the same anti-Syrian coalition eagerly connected the attack (due to “troubling similarities”) with past attacks on anti-Syrian figures (Gebran Tueni or Antoine Ghanem for instance), at a time when “Syria al Assad” was well up on its feet, way before the civil war there.
Still, there is no doubt in the extensiveness of the blow the anti-Syrian coalition 14 March has just received with the decapitation of the head of a security service loyal to its agenda. Along with other public administrations, like the Council for Reconstruction and Development and Ogero within the Telecommunications Ministry, this ISF branch represented little of what was left of the opposition’s influence within State institutions, remotely led by Saad Hariri since he was removed from power in January of last year. Given the sensitive and strategic nature of the Information Branch within the ISF, needless to say how enduring the hit came to the political leverage of the 14 March coalition.
2. The evidence war and the STL
Wissam Al Hassan was not only a top security operative who made possible the dismantlement of pro-Israeli cells, or the arrest of former Minister Michel Samaha last August for planning to carry out terrorist attacks on Lebanese soil, he was most importantly in charge of the Lebanese side of the investigation of Rafic Hariri’s assassination. Brigadier Al Hassan was hence among the people the prosecutor at the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) could count on in order to build his case. In that, the indictment against the four members of Hezbollah is based, in the prosecutor’s own words, on “circumstantial evidence[2] related to a series of interconnected telecommunications cells that were operating in preparation to the attack, and that were allegedly set up by the four suspects yet to be arrested.
With the overturn of the political equilibrium and the formation of the 8 March pro-Syrian government, which is hostile to the STL work, the intelligence unit run by Brigadier Al Hassan had the mission of keeping the cooperation with the STL’s prosecutor alive. It is important to highlight that the ISF Information Branch is the unit that uncovered the telecommunications cells’ matrix (with the support of another police martyr and IT expert, Captain Wissam Eid, assassinated in January 2008), before linking it to Hezbollah members, and then possibly leaking the information to Der Spiegel who suggested this eventuality in May 2009, two years before the indictment was issued. Since that time, a crucial target shift has taken place, passing from the suspicion of an official Syrian involvement to a Lebanese (Hezbollah) involvement in the assassination of Rafic Hariri.
As such, anti-Hezbollah formations in Lebanon had high hopes in the work of the ISF intelligence branch as it was fuelling, genuinely or not, the accusation party, despite the loss of control over the government. Whether these pieces of evidence were authentic or not was never really the primary concern of the 14 March coalition. Some opposition figures, like Samir Geagea, chose to entirely endorse the views of the prosecutor as to the involvement of Hezbollah suspects[3], even before the pre-trial Judge had set a trial date, whereas Hezbollah officials regularly rejected the telecommunications related evidence considering it fabricated.
This evidence war, that will contribute to determine the fate and outcome of the coming trial, has put Brigadier Wissam El Hassan at the centre of a vast intelligence (national, regional and international) confrontation, as he fell victim of irreconcilable conflicting interests where the battles behind the scenes never pause.
3. The 14 March window of opportunity to regain political ground
For the opposition group, the killing of Al Hassan has hence taken away a strong Lebanese ally in the investigation team that would have been keen on beefing up the accusation party against the four Hezbollah suspects, especially with the trial date (in abstentia) approaching and fixed to 25 March 2013. In the minds of 14 March figures, as the trial would advance against Hezbollah members, the popularity of the party of God would be shaken, and this during election year.

Until then, fearing another May 2008 violent showdown, 14 March leaders have decided to throw their internal wrath against Nagib Mikati. The prime minister now faces a tough spot as the attack happened on his watch while he is representing a pro-Syrian government, despite ingenious manoeuvring to escape impossible contradictions during his mandate through decisions that digressed from core 8 March interests. We can mention for instance the funding of the Lebanese share of the STL, the spearheading of aid towards the Syrian displaced usually considered as supporting the Free Syrian Army, or the freezing of the wage increase, an important component of 8 March agenda, as a gesture to the private sector. At the end of the line, Prime Minister Mikati offered his resignation that has been, curious constitutional outcome, “suspended”, as he is today threatened by experiencing the same political fate as Omar Karame whose political carrier crashed back in April 2005 in close circumstances.
Accumulating political and street pressure against the present prime minister is a convenient way for 14 March to be blaming a Sunni official for the death of another Sunni official, hence hitting on Hezbollah’s hold over the government in an indirect fashion without being accused of fuelling sectarianism, and eventually try and bring it down. This short-term battle represents, for opposition figures, a small window of opportunity to regain some political capital a few months before the 2013 elections, but at the cost of maintaining Lebanon in a state of tumult.
Beirut, 21 October 2012

[1] Saad Hariri interview to CNN, reported by The Daily Star, 20 October 2012, available athttp://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2012/Oct-20/192109-hariri-tells-cnn-hasan-killed-over-samaha-case.ashx#ixzz29owAYqFW
[2] §3, p.3 of the indictment
[3] Press conference of Samir Geagea in Meerab on 27 August 2011, cf. Geagea : L’acte d’accusation est basé sur suffisamment de preuves, L’Orient-Le Jour, 28 August 2011.

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Une petite phrase qui peut passer inaperçue, dans un gros paragraphe de l’article du quotidien l’Orient d’Avril 2012 ( le 21 avril 2012 plus précisement).

Si les décisions adoptées hier par le Conseil des ministres ordinaire réuni au Sérail sous la présidence de Nagib Mikati (confirmer le prix de la « rabta » de pain à 1 500 LL après une très longue discussion sur le prix du blé ; amender la loi sur le contrat de location et allonger le congé maternité qui passe de 40 jours à 10 semaines…) restent relativement importantes, ce n’est pas ce que l’on retiendra de la réunion d’hier, mais plutôt les commentaires du Premier ministre sur les trois jours de débats de politique générale suivis du vote de confiance, dans la nuit de jeudi à vendredi, au Parlement. ”

Le Conseil des ministres a, en Avril 2012, donné son Accord sur l’allongement du CONGé maternité a 10 semaines!

oui…. cela reste une avancée, même si incomplète… le projet est un Projet de loi presenté par des parlementaires, au Parlement… donc la nécessité d’un vote en session plénière est de rigueur!

Alors, chers parlementaires, chers “metteurs de l’agenda des sessions parlementaires plénières”, Bougez vous, et mettez s’il vous plait l’amendement du Code du travail( article 28-29) et celui des fonctionnaires (article 38) sur l’Agenda de notre chère Eminente Assemblée!

les députés doivent légiférer!! et créer des lois Justes et équitables pour le  bien être des Femmes et citoyennes libanaises, au lieu de se perdre dans des discussions politiques futiles.

Les femmes attendent!! Notamment celles qui attendent de futurs petits et ptites citoyennes!!

Rita Chemaly….

ps: regardez en dessous même le titre de l’article nous induit en erreur… au lieu de créer et amender des lois, les discussions politiques  politiciennes nous perdent!!!

Avis aux Citoyens! Bougez!

Rita future Bride to be! et mum to be iza allah rad

 

 

Mikati : Certaines interventions au Parlement ont dépassé les limites d’une opposition responsable et constructive

Si les décisions adoptées hier par le Conseil des ministres ordinaire réuni au Sérail sous la présidence de Nagib Mikati (confirmer le prix de la « rabta » de pain à 1 500 LL après une très longue discussion sur le prix du blé ; amender la loi sur le contrat de location et allonger le congé maternité qui passe de 40 jours à 10 semaines…) restent relativement importantes, ce n’est pas ce que l’on retiendra de la réunion d’hier, mais plutôt les commentaires du Premier ministre sur les trois jours de débats de politique générale suivis du vote de confiance, dans la nuit de jeudi à vendredi, au Parlement.
« La confiance réaccordée au gouvernement doit être un tremplin vers davantage de solidarité au sein du cabinet et davantage de travail pour mener à bien la mission qui est la nôtre », a dit le ministre de l’Information p.i. Waël Bou Faour citant Nagib Mikati. Ce dernier a jugé que « certaines interventions ont dépassé les limites d’une opposition responsable et constructive », estimant toutefois que les remarques et autres idées des députés « doivent être prises en considération et étudiées par les ministres ». M. Mikati a tenu à insister sur la coopération entre législatif et exécutif, invitant les ministres « à ne pas être influencés par les critiques, même si elles étaient parfois illogiques, à y répondre scientifiquement et à traiter avec l’ensemble des citoyens, sans exception aucune », quelle que soit leur appartenance communautaire, en allusion aux critiques formulées dans l’hémicycle sur des pratiques anticoexistence et iniques exercées dans certains ministères.

« Le PM a rappelé que le gouvernement avait beaucoup à faire concernant le budget, les législatives de 2013, les nominations et les permutations, ainsi que sur les dossiers des ressources naturelles et de l’électricité. Il est persuadé que le cabinet va être de nouveau à la hauteur de la confiance des députés », a poursuivi le ministre Bou Faour, qui a révélé qu’un débat a eu lieu sur ces séances parlementaires. « Nous nous sommes entendus sur la nécessité de réduire les tensions et les atteintes à l’unité nationale », a-t-il dit, avant d’évoquer un compte rendu sur la situation des hôpitaux publics par le ministre de la Santé – un sujet auquel le Conseil des ministres consacrera une séance spéciale. De même, le ministre de l’Économie Nicolas Nahas a évoqué le dialogue en cours avec le syndicat des boulangers, proposant « trois solutions ». Il a été chargé de discuter davantage avec le syndicat.

Bou Faour : Il n’y a « rien » à fêter…
Enfin, Waël Bou Faour, dans une discussion avec les journalistes, s’est arrêté sur une « information rapportée par les médias selon laquelle le PM a offert de la knefé aux ministres pour fêter le résultat du vote de confiance ». « M. Mikati est généreux, surtout avec les produits de Tripoli, mais le sujet ne prête pas à la plaisanterie : il n’y a rien à fêter concernant ce vote de confiance », a-t-il affirmé, tout en remerciant les députés de l’avoir accordée. « Rien à fêter parce que l’intensité des crispations et des tensions et certains discours sectaires ne laissent présager rien de bon, et cette limite jamais atteinte jette, je le pense, des poids supplémentaires sur les épaules du gouvernement. Ce qui s’est passé prouve que ce gouvernement bénéficie encore de la majorité, mais la stabilité a de quoi s’inquiéter », a-t-il mis en garde.

Source l’Orient le Jour 21 avril 2012

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A l’occasion du tricentenaire de Jean Jacques Rousseau, l‘Institut des Sciences Politiques de l’Universite Saint Joseph en cooperation avec l’Ambassade Suisse au Liban, organisent une Conference debat sur le theme de La démocratie a l’épreuve de la pensée de Jean Jacques Rousseau,

Intervenants :
– Monsieur Guillaume Chenevière, Sociologue et Journaliste Suisse, Directeur
de la Télévision Suisse Romande
– Monsieur Antoine Messarra, Professeur à l’Institut des sciences politiques
– S.E Monsieur Adnan El Sayed Hussein, Recteur de l’Université Libanaise
Modérateur :
S.E Monsieur Georges Corm, Professeur à l’Institut des sciences politiques.

Le lundi 8 octobre 2012 à 17h00
Amphithéâtre Walid Ben Talal à l’ISP – Bâtiment A – 5e étage,
Campus des sciences sociales – Rue Huvelin, Achrafieh.

affiche La democratie libanaise a l’epreuve de jean jacques rousseau ISP rita chemaly

 

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Dears,

I received this invitation, to participate to a one week program in Germany, about the role of women in the middle-east, in October 2012;

The press release is attached for your information.

The one week program is fully funded,

All the best, and good luck to all those who want to attend! Attention: the deadline for applications is August 9;

Rita Chemaly

to read the press release click on the link below

PR Frauen arabische Welt rita chemaly democracy and role of women in the Middle East Germany

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Beyrouth – Ces derniers jours, la ville de Tripoli, au nord du Liban, a été le théâtre d’affrontements fortement médiatisés entre divers groupes politiques et sectaires. Pourtant, tandis qu’une petite minorité se bat, la majorité des citoyens libanais s’opposent à la violence – à la fois sur le web et sur le terrain.
Peu après le début des affrontements, les militants de la société civile libanaise ont condamné, sur Facebook, Twitter et leurs blogs, la propagation de la violence. Leurs appels à l’unité nationale et au désarmement dans la ville ont circulé en un temps record sur internet. Forts de ce soutien public, les militants ont créé de nouvelles pages de médias sociaux – dont beaucoup ont rassemblé plus d’un millier de membres.
Ces citoyens libanais ordinaires se battent pour montrer qu’ils rejettent la violence, qu’ils s’organisent pour y mettre un terme et, enfin, qu’ils refusent de se taire.
Le groupe Facebook ”Tripoli sans armes!” a adressé l’appel suivant aux autorités locales et nationales: ”… Nous, citoyens, condamnons la prolifération des armes dans les quartiers et les rues de notre ville de Tripoli. Nous implorons l’Etat et les autorités politiques, exécutives, militaires ainsi que celles qui sont chargées de la sécurité de prendre les mesures nécessaires pour débarrasser cette ville des armes qui y circulent. Oui à une Tripoli sans armes!”.
Suite à cet appel, de nombreuses personnes clés ont déclaré la grève dans toute la ville pour protester contre la violence qui a coûté la vie à plusieurs personnes et elles ont organisé une manifestation en face des bâtiments de l’administration publique pour sensibiliser les gens à leur cause.
Les manifestants ont agité des drapeaux libanais, chanté l’hymne national et exigé une réponse immédiate aux problèmes, considérés comme interdépendants, de pauvreté et d’insécurité endémiques dans cette ville. Ils ont engagé l’Etat à rehausser la sécurité et ils ont réaffirmé la nécessité de désarmer les milices de rues. La manifestation non-violente a rassemblé le président du Conseil municipal, les membres du Parlement de la région ainsi que les chefs de tous les groupes confessionnels et d’autres membres de la société civile. Leur message était clair: Le Liban doit revenir à la règle de droit et garantir la sécurité de tous dans tout le pays.
Compte tenu des affrontements interconfessionnels qui divisent Tripoli et craignant que le pays tout entier ne se tourne une fois de plus vers la violence, d’autres militants de la société civile ont réagi rapidement par le biais de nombreuses initiatives, cette fois à Beyrouth. Sur le web, les jeunes ont exprimé leur patriotisme avec des images qu’ils ont créées en réponse à la situation accompagnées des légendes suivantes: ”Ni sunnites ni chiites, pas plus que chrétiens ou druzes mais Libanais!’.’
”Notre union est notre salut” était l’autre slogan affiché par les militants sur les marches du Musée national de Beyrouth où étaient placées des chaises blanches portant les noms des victimes des récents actes de violence, des chaises sans nom avec des drapeaux libanais et une grande pancarte sur laquelle étaient inscrits les mots suivants: ”ça suffit!”. Tout réclame le retour à la paix.
En outre, les universitaires ont formé des groupes en ligne pour dire non à la guerre au Liban. ”Third Voice for Lebanon’ (La Troisième voix pour le Liban) est  un exemple type de groupe de réflexion non-partisan, non-confessionnel et apolitique, qui s’est créé sur la toile à l’initiative de ses membres hommes et femmes et qui a consacré des textes et documents précis pour dénoncer l’appauvrissement de certaines régions du Liban, le clientélisme rampant, l’enrôlement et l’endoctrinement d’enfants dans des milices et groupes extrémistes financés par les politiciens.   Ce groupe organise des manifestations au Liban et à l’étranger pour dire non à la violence et oui à la paix.

La société civile libanaise invite l’Etat à agir avec fermeté contre la violence et la circulation des armes dans les zones défavorisées en instaurant la sécurité et en soutenant le développement durable afin d’aider à mettre fin à la pauvreté qui entraîne la violence. Les obstacles auxquels le Liban se trouve confronté sont bien réels. Toutefois, ces actions collectives entreprises par une société civile libanaise diversifiée, aux multiples facettes, montrent qu’il y a de l’espoir.
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* Rita Chemaly est écrivain et chercheur en sciences sociales et politiques. Elle est l’auteur du livre Printemps 2005 au Liban, entre Mythe et Réalité. Elle a obtenu le prix Samir Kassir pour la Liberté de la Presse en 2007 et blogue sur http://www.ritachemaly.wordpress.com. Article écrit pour le Service de Presse de Common Ground (CGNews).
Source: Service de Presse de Common Ground (CGNews), 29 juin 2012, http://www.commongroundnews.org. Reproduction autorisée.

Pour Lire l’article en Anglais: After clashes, Lebanon’s majority steps up by Rita Chemaly

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Beirut – In recent days, the northern Lebanese city of Tripoli has been the site of highly publicised clashes between diverse political and sectarian groups. However while this small minority battles, the majority of Lebanese citizens are standing up against violence – both online and on the ground.
Soon after the clashes began, Lebanese civil society activists condemned the spread of violence through Facebook, Twitter and blogs. Their calls for national unity and to disarm the city circulated online in record time. Building on this public support, activists created new social media pages – many of which gathered over a thousand members.
These ordinary Lebanese citizens are standing up to show that they reject violence, that they are organising to stop it and that, ultimately, they refuse to be silent.
The Facebook group “Tripoli without weapons!” posted an appeal to local and national authorities that read, “. . . We are citizens who condemn the proliferation of weapons in the neighbourhoods and streets of our city Tripoli. We implore the state and all political, executive, security and military authorities to take whatever steps necessary to rid Tripoli of the weapons circulating through it. Yes to a weapon-free Tripoli! “.
Following this appeal, many key individuals declared a city-wide strike to protest the violence that had claimed several lives, and held a demonstration in front of Tripoli’s public administration offices to raise awareness of their cause.
Demonstrators waved Lebanese flags, sang the national anthem and demanded an immediate response to the city’s problems of rampant poverty and a lack of security, which are seen as interrelated. They called on the state to provide better security and reiterated the need for street militias to disarm. The non-violent protest brought together the President of the Municipal Council, members of parliament from the region, as well as leaders from all faith groups and other members of civil society. Their message was clear: Lebanon needs to return to the rule of law and provide security for all, throughout the country.
With the sectarian strife dividing Tripoli, and fearing that the country as a whole is heading once more towards violence, other civil society activists responded quickly through multiple initiatives, this time in Beirut. Online, youth showed their patriotism with pictures they created in response to the situation, with captions that read: “Neither Sunni nor Shiite, nor Christian, nor Druze, but Lebanese.”
“Our union is our salvation” was another slogan activists displayed on the steps of the National Museum in Beirut, where white chairs with the names of victims of the recent violence, unnamed chairs with Lebanese flags, and a large sign reading “That’s enough!” all begged for a return to peace.
In addition, scholars formed online groups to say no to war in Lebanon. The Third Voice for Lebanon is one example of a non-partisan, non-denominational and apolitical grassroots online group which publishes and circulates texts that protest violence and cronyism, as well as the recruitment and the indoctrination of children into militias and extremist groups. It uses peaceful demonstrations in Lebanon and overseas to say no to violence and yes to peace.
Lebanese civil society is calling upon the state to take firm action against violence and the circulation of weapons in poor areas by establishing security and supporting sustainable development that can help end the poverty that drives violence. The hurdles Lebanon faces now are very real. But these collective actions by Lebanon’s diverse, multifaceted civil society demonstrate hope.
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* Rita Chemaly is a writer and researcher in social and political science and author of the book Spring 2005 in Lebanon, between Myth and Reality. She won the Samir Kassir Award for Freedom of the Press in 2007 and blogs at www.ritachemaly.wordpress.com. This article was written for the Common Ground News Service (CGNews).
Source: Common Ground News Service (CGNews), 26 June 2012, http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?id=31597&lan=en&sp=0

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Le mouvement féministe au Liban cherche à assurer les pleins droits sociaux et politiques des femmes libanaises avant les élections de 2013. Leur vision : une sphère politique publique sans domination masculine, et où les femmes peuvent aussi être des actrices à part entières.

Sur la modification de la loi électorale, toujours en discussion et ce depuis 2005 et la première proposition faite par la Commission nationale présidée par M. Fouad Boutros, le mouvement féministe au Liban se mobilise via des réunions, des conférences de presses et la distribution de brochures expliquant l’importance de l’imposition d’un quota féminin temporairement.

Le rejet de la proposition de l’ancien ministre de l’intérieur et des municipalités Ziad Baroud d’un quota de 30% et l’approbation en 2010, par le Gouvernement d’un quota de 20% pour les élections municipales est amplement insuffisant aux dires des associations qui travaillent pour les droits des femmes au Liban.

Dans les faits, les femmes libanaises ont gagné après moult mobilisations la reforme de la loi électorale en 1953 qui a consacré leurs droits politiques. Mais vu les divers quotas confessionnels et géographiques qui existent au Liban, il est difficile aux femmes libanaises de percer le cercle de la domination masculine en politique.

D’ailleurs le plus grand nombre de femmes qui  ont joué ou jouent un rôle en politique, appartient à des grandes familles politiques, et ont hérité de leur poste, pour accéder à la sphère des affaires publiques libanaises amplement dominée par les hommes. (….) a lire la suite de l’article via ce lien…. droit des femmes libanaises rita chemaly participation politique quota et decision.

Rita Chemaly

Auteure et Chercheure en Sciences Politiques

Blog sur www.ritachemaly.wordpress.com.

For a list of all related articles in different languages:

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yesterday coming back from a beautiful sunny day on the beach, I watch the TV at night, to see that “schools and university should close”, 5 minutes later, after this information went viral on all TV stations and radios, the minister sent a denial, the schools and universities are not closed”;

It took me 3 seconds to remember that in Lebanon, closing schools is “not good at all”, that means something “Serious” happened;

watching Men El Ekhir , and zapping to New TV,  the news finally broke, clashes in Tripoli, Naameh, Burning tyres, Death of a Cheikh in Akkar, … the news smelt rotten, disgusting and more disgusting (and as the users of Twitter say #TFEH ) when the clashes began in Tariq el Jdideh in Beirut “rifles, rockets” “sawarikh” near the Arab University of Beirut … again TFEH…. Disgusting news for my “beloved” country.

Are those Sectarian clashes based on Political affiliations, to some “rotten” leaders? Or clashes based on the tensions and the crisis in Syria? no one knows…. as Imad says, some are swearing that some “Movements” do not have anything to do with the clashes that happened yesterday… others repeat from “informed sources” that those were Future affiliated pple on the streets…

the hole picture for me is disgusting, when someone dies, because the army has shot dead a cheikh, it is not the stability of the country that must be shaken, but the judiciary power, they must work as hard as they can to discover the “truth nothing but the truth”. Investigations must be kept far from politics, and if there is a fault, the judges should punish the perpetrators.

the bright part after the clashes is the web users activism online, some being cynical, others using black humor, others actively campaigning for the civil peace… here is a snapshot of the pictures going viral on the web scene…

Lebanon boils after sheikh killing

Clashes in Beirut end, 3 dead

at the end, as a symbolic action to refuse this violence circle, Join the movement for peace, at 6 pm at Martyr Square, Downtown Beirut.

Rita Chemaly

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Un article de Elham Manea, politologue Yemenite a l’institut des sciences politiques de l’universite de Zurich, dans lequel elle retrace les changements survenus dans les relations tribales au Yemen.

 

Un  article qui a été publie dans le Daily Star Libanais le 6 avril 2012

rita chemaly

Tribalism in Yemen has changed deeply

February’s presidential election in Yemen by no means marks the end of the country’s troubles. However, the suggestion that the United States host a new arrangement based on decentralized negotiation between tribal and regional leaders is not the way to solve them.

Such a call ignores lessons from Yemen’s past and underestimates the deep changes that have taken place in Yemeni society over the last decades. Although the tribal system continues to operate as the prevalent mode of social organization, it is crucial to recognize that the nature of tribal networks and institutions has changed drastically.

Historically, tribal networks compensated for the state’s lack of capacity. The tribe assumed the role of protector and provider: securing tribal territory, protecting water wells, and resolving conflicts between its members or with other tribes. In many ways, the tribe was the institution of first resort for financial backing and social support in times of crisis. It is perhaps very telling that Aden – where the nuclear family has displaced the tribe as the main social unit – is more affected by poverty than regions that have preserved tribalism, such as Shabwah, Mahra and Al-Dali.

Tribal sheikhs were also once accountable to their constituents: They were elected and could be voted out. Thus, a sheikh was often regarded as a first among equals, rather than an absolute ruler. Custom (Irf) governed the mediation of conflict within or outside the tribe and could not be violated without loss of honor – a distinct disgrace – and threat of severe penalty.

However, the calculated politics of patronage applied by the former Yemeni president, Ali Abdullah Saleh, changed the nature of the relationship between tribal leaders and their constituencies. Saleh and the sheikhs had a number of incentives to engage in a new relationship. From the regime’s perspective, offering assistance to warring or otherwise weakened tribes undercut potentially strong alliances against it, and by incorporating tribal forms of arbitration, the regime also depleted tribal resources that could be used in opposition to the state. On the other side of the bargain, this patronage system afforded sheikhs freedom from accountability to their constituencies.

By successfully co-opting these leaders and rendering them dependent on Sanaa for privileges and largesse, Saleh’s patronage system eroded tribal codes and norms – ultimately leading to a leadership vacuum. Many sheikhs today are dramatically wealthier than their fellow tribesmen – and thus no longer dependent on their constituencies. More tribesmen are alienated from their leaders – who often take up residence in Sanaa and are only just beginning to abuse their power.

The most famous example is the case of the Jaashin area in Ibb, where the sheikh there evicted dozens of families in 2009 after they refused to pay “taxes” – they instead insisted on paying the municipalities directly. Additionally, there are reports of “private” prisons run by sheikhs who use them to intimidate and terrorize their own tribesmen – enough to cause Yemen’s Human Rights Minister Huriyya Mashhour to pledge to shut them down.

Saleh understood this reality belatedly. He mistakenly thought that securing the allegiance of sheikhs would ensure their tribes’ loyalties. But as was revealed in the uprisings that led to his removal from office, many tribe members did not follow the orders of their “leaders.” In this context, it is difficult to imagine how the United States would host a new arrangement based on decentralized negotiation with leaders who can no longer deliver.

Perhaps we should look to the Sultanate of Oman as a source of inspiration – particularly to its strategy used to integrate the region’s tribes and end the Dhofar Rebellion in the 1970s. Oman managed to overcome Dhofar’s isolation by connecting it to Muscat while simultaneously instilling a sense of national identity in its population through three major initiatives.

First, the government pardoned all the Dhofari fighters who were willing to switch sides: Those who accepted amnesty were retrained and incorporated into the armed forces. As a result, hundreds of Dhofari rebels deserted and joined Sultan Qaboos’ “Firqat” Irregulars. These squads ranged in size from 30 to 100 men, the majority of which were defected rebels and local tribesmen trained to operate as a paramilitary force.

Not only did this strategy help secure the support of the tribes from which members of the Firqat were drawn, but it also built up the squads as provisional regional governments, which may have helped rebuild trust in the central government. At the very least, this was a clear departure from previous policies of dispatching regular forces composed mostly of Pakistani soldiers.

The tribal factor was also especially important in Oman’s efforts to create an administrative network in the region and to ensure the allegiance of both tribal leaders and local people. Like the rest of the country at the time, Dhofar lacked a basic civil service. Starting in 1974, the new sultan set up several ministries to run Dhofar’s public affairs. And although the heads of these ministries lived in Muscat, local branches were set up for each, and their representatives were usually elected – rather than appointed – tribal leaders.

By addressing the economic and social demands and grievances of the population of Dhofar, the state aimed to undermine the very basis of the rebels’ cause. Between 1971 and 1975 the Omani government used generous funding from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates to allocate 25 percent of the nation’s development budget to Dhofar alone and provide for the construction of local roads, airports, schools, clinics, and power stations. While promising to make the province economically self-sufficient by 1980, the overarching objective of the program was, however, to instill “pride in the community and a spirit of nation-building.” These efforts both appeased the Dhofari population and strengthened the connection between the center and the periphery.

All of this would not have been possible had the state been absent from the equation. The state is very much key to any attempt to solve Yemen’s problems, and hitherto has been hampered by weakness and corruption stemming from the rule of a single clan – one more interested in filling its coffers than addressing the needs of its population. But for this, we should not blame the state: Blame instead the leaders – and get to work.

Elham Manea is an associate professor at Zurich University’s Institute of Political Science. She specializes in Yemeni affairs and is the author of “Regional Politics in the Gulf” and “The Arab State and Women’s Rights: The Trap of Authoritarian Governance.” This commentary first appeared at Sada, an online journal published by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Read more: http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Opinion/Commentary/2012/Apr-06/169391-tribalism-in-yemen-has-changed-deeply.ashx#ixzz1sYwdmhu1

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Je viens de rentrer de L’ESCWA, oui, je participais comme “marraine “au Forum What if Women… organisé par L’Association des Guides Du Liban, avec la cooperation de l’UNODC ( l’Agence / office des Nations unies  contre la Drogue et le Crime;

Les projets presentes par les branches JEM (  les Jeunes En Marche) qui ont 17 ans et plus, m’ont tellement fait plaisir!! les jeunes filles ont bien travaille leurs recherches, grand bravo!

jai adoré l’équipe de Saint Joseph Aintoura, et les supers idées qu’elles ont eues pour présenter la cause de la nationalité: un cèdre avec des femmes qui le tamponnait, des t-shirts, un micro trottoir, des nouvelles des manifs, Un cadre pour la prise des photos dans une carte d’identité non libanaise, bon travail!

aussi, l’équipe dont j’étais la “marraine “( comme je n’ai pas de soeur, il m’est difficile d’être la marraine de quelqu’un, donc la proposition de Reem, élève de Nazareth m’a fait super plaisir 🙂

bref, hier soir, Reem m’a montre le travail de son équipe, un film de ouff, sur la violence contre les femmes au foyer; le film explique les différents genre de violences ( morale, verbale, physique et économique), montre les obstacles qui existent au Liban et le manque de lois protégeant les femmes des violences exercées sur elles, et enfin, le film présente le projet de loi qui est en cours d’étude au Parlement!! les jeunes de l’équipe JEM ne se sont pas arrêtées la, elles ont présente aussi les solutions!!! oui a des femmes policières, oui a des centres/ refuges ouiii a l’éveil contre le viol conjugal…. finalement un grand  ouiiiii a ce projet bravo les filles!! la pluie ne vous a pas arrêtées  lors de la manifestation, le projet ne s’arrêterait pas devant les obstacles, les femmes libanaises sont obstinées!

un autre projet m’a beaucoup plus, c’est le projet what if women were priceless in Lebanon, éveillant les gens contre le trafic des femmes!!! bravo pour le film, les images et vos idées sont fortes!

Aussi un projet sur les femmes et leur image, oh la la la la…. l’image et les prix et loans/crédits bancaires offerts aux femmes pour changer leur image! bon projet aussi!

les équipes qui ont eu de bons échos avec le jury compose des marraines , et de l’ex ministre Mme Mona Ofeish, et des responsables des guides, sont les jeunes filles et le sport, les femmes et leur image, la violence, et la nationalité!

dans l’espoir de voir ses jeunes qui ont présente de bons projets travailler  encore pour faire de tous ces projets des réalités,

de moi un simple …  B R A V O  bravo!!!

 

Rita Chemaly

 

les photos prises seront disponibles sur Facebook

 

 

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